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Specifications
- CAS No.
- 59-05-2
- Molecular formula
- C20H22N8O5
- Molecular weight
- 454.44
- Melting point
- 185-204°C
- Boiling point
- Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Appearance & character
Orange-yellow crystalline powder. It is an antimetabolite and antifolate drug used in cancer treatment and autoimmune diseases.
Product overview
Methotrexate (MTX), also known as amethopterin, is an antimetabolite and antifolate drug with the chemical formula C20H22N8O5 and molecular weight of 454.44 g/mol. It acts as a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme critical for folate metabolism and DNA synthesis. By blocking this enzyme, methotrexate disrupts DNA synthesis and cellular replication, making it effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells. Originally developed as a chemotherapy agent, it is now also widely used for autoimmune diseases due to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.
Key features
- Potent dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor
- Antimetabolite and antifolate agent
- Easily soluble in dilute alkali, acid, or alkali metal carbonate solutions
- Slightly soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid
- Almost insoluble in water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether
- Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties
- FDA-approved since 1953
- Available in various formulations for different routes of administration.
Applications
- Oncology
- treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, lung cancer, and other solid tumors
- Rheumatology
- first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis
- Dermatology
- treatment of severe psoriasis and other skin conditions
- Gastroenterology
- treatment of Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease
- Pediatrics
- childhood leukemia and juvenile arthritis
- Transplant medicine
- immunosuppressive agent
- Research
- biochemical tool for studying DNA synthesis and cell cycle
- Veterinary oncology
- cancer treatment in animals.
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